Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational innovation business concentrating on Internet services and synthetic intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a variety of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation forum).

Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has diversified into a number of high-growth locations. The company is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart customer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of investment in expert system, Baidu is among the couple of tech business worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, including software application, chips, cloud facilities, structure models, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was integrated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese firm to join the United States-based computer system ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly concentrated on generative AI associated items. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted establish software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with developing better algorithms for online search engine and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first online search engine that used links to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the appeal of a website based upon the number of other sites had linked to it. [20] It preceded the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed advertisers to bid for advertisement area then pay Baidu whenever a customer clicked an advertisement, predating Google’s approach to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu introduced a news online search engine and image online search engine, adopting a special recognition innovation efficient in identifying and organizing the posts. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese industry sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which permits the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to supply its own reports, besides showing particular outcomes as an online search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to provide mobile search results page. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, designed to help CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar employees manage their company relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as primary researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company introduced a Brazilian variation of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a quote to assist drive the advancement of self-governing automobiles including automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu prepares to release this job in July 2017, before slowly introducing completely autonomous driving capabilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to invest in as lots of as 100 autonomous driving projects over the ensuing 3 years. [36] At the very same time, Apollo open-source software application variation 1.5 was likewise launched. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle market suppliers, on automated driving and linked cars. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a collaboration with Snap Inc. to act as the business’s official ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in a number of different languages. Smaller than a common smart device, the 140-gram translation device can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will likewise be inserting expert system (AI) innovation into mobile phones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the exact same duration, it has actually also led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, workers, partners, designers, and media to talk about the business’s mission and technique, innovation advancements, brand-new product advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) environment. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU organization” part of its overseas organization, which developed a series of utility apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This service now operates independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong since JD.com’s noting the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu exposed a brand-new Robocar idea said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external surroundings to provide predictive suggestions to proactively serve the requirements of travelers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric car business originally backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its very first concept ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical automobile platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a newer variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had actually completed six million trips utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that internet browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a site claiming to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the correct website unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were fulfilled with a page stating “This site has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on responded by attacking Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on launched legal action against Register.com for gross negligence after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff changed the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, despite stopping working security verification treatments. Once the address had actually been changed, the person had the ability to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out directly to them, enabling them to achieve the . [60] [61] The lawsuit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com released an apology. [62]

Baidu workers detained

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 staff members of Baidu were jailed on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The allurements were supposedly paid for erasing posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app store, but it has been reported that the app shop faces personal privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger arrangement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally means “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, suddenly reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main marketing item is called Baidu Tuiguang and is comparable to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows marketers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that become part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are likewise based on payments by marketers. This has actually prompted criticism and hesitation amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns relating to dependability of Baidu results. Often as lots of as the first 2 pages of search outcomes tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu offers its advertising products through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it challenging for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business established a tool with a user interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a signed up company address either in China or in defined East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] contends with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most pre-owned online search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its gain from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.

It is likewise evident that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social network market. Since 2011 [update], it is talking about the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese variation of the worldwide social media, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if carried out, would take on Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as cause competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for a review of the habits of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have used anticompetitive methods in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually started to invest in deep knowing research study and is integrating brand-new deep knowing technology into a few of its apps and items, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live obtained a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” technology. This technology instantly scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and recognizes and strains content that might violate copyright law. This permits Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they gained authorizations from China to supply the very first driverless taxis. The company goal to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous automobiles set to begin offering trips to passengers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban start beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless lorry that is planned to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of obstructed websites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its question results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a claim that looked for to punish the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet authorities departments to discover details associated to “anti-government rumors” and then flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news sites and gadgets with alerts eliminating false information.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, big information and synthetic intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, together with other Internet business, to “carry out unique supervision” on news and info associated to the illness. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics reduced Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page supposedly added to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old college trainee was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon form of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The occurrence set off massive online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading guard dog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement revenue, much of which originates from for-profit hospitals that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of hospitals throughout the nation established by medical entrepreneurs associated with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to enforce a number of constraints on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to advertising material and establishing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified health centers. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of illness will entirely stop commercial cooperation and will just be open to reliable public welfare organizations. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that personal hospitals have gotten in a period of industry transformation and upgrading, and are neither based on posting bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative impact on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android gadgets developed by the subsidiary business, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue improving background programs on user gadgets considering that a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 known applications developed by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking web ads – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase earnings produced by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user score of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was among several Chinese sites that were prohibited or obstructed in India for national security factors. [119]

2024 head of communications controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered major reactions across the Chinese social networks for backing poisonous work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day business journey throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited even more discussions amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu honestly said sorry after the incident and has supposedly lost her job. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the incident. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by popularity.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.